Naringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside;Naringin;Isonaringenin CAS No. 10236-47-2
Mawu Oyamba Mwachidule
Dzina lachingerezi:naringin
Kagwiritsidwe:itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya, makamaka cha shuga wa chingamu, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi zina.
Physicochemical katundu:naringin ndizovuta za glucose, rhamnose ndi naringin.Ndi ufa wa crystalline woyera mpaka kuwala wachikasu.Nthawi zambiri, imakhala ndi 6 ~ 8 madzi akristalo okhala ndi malo osungunuka a 83 ℃.Kuyanika kulemera kosalekeza pa 110 ℃ kuti mupeze makhiristo okhala ndi 2 madzi akristalo, okhala ndi malo osungunuka a 171 ℃.Naringin ali ndi kukoma kowawa kwambiri, ndipo yankho lamadzi lomwe lili ndi 20mg / kg likadali ndi kukoma kowawa.Kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi otentha, ethanol, acetone ndi kutentha kwa glacial acetic acid.Pali magulu a phenolic hydroxyl mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo njira yake yamadzimadzi imakhala yochepa kwambiri.Zogulitsa "citrus glucoside dihydrochalcone" pambuyo pa hydrolysis ndi hydrogenation ndizotsekemera, ndipo kutsekemera kumaposa 150 kuposa sucrose.
Manambala System
Nambala ya CAS: 10236-47-2
Nambala ya MDL: mfcd00149445
Nambala ya EINECS: 233-566-4
Nambala ya RTECS: qn6340000
Nambala ya BRN: 102012
Physical Property Data
1. Makhalidwe: naringin ndizovuta za shuga, rhamnose ndi manyumwa gametophyte.Ndi ufa wa crystalline woyera mpaka kuwala wachikasu.
2. Posungunuka (º C): 171
3. Refraactive index: - 84
4. Kuzungulira kwachindunji (º): - 91
5. Kusungunuka: kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi otentha, Mowa, acetone ndi kutentha kwa glacial acetic acid.
Data Toxicology
1. Njira yoyesera: pamimba pamimba
Mlingo wambiri: 2 mg / kg
Yesani chinthu: rodent mouse
Mtundu wa kawopsedwe: pachimake
Zotsatira zapoizoni: mwatsatanetsatane zapoizoni ndi zotsatira zoyipa sizinafotokozedwe kupatula zina zowopsa za mlingo
2. Njira yoyesera: pamimba pamimba
Mlingo wambiri: 2 mg / kg
Choyesera: rodent Guinea pig
Mtundu wa kawopsedwe: pachimake
Zotsatira zapoizoni: mwatsatanetsatane zapoizoni ndi zotsatira zoyipa sizinafotokozedwe kupatula zina zowopsa za mlingo
Ecological Data
Izi zitha kukhala zovulaza chilengedwe, kotero chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kumadzi.
Zomangamanga za Mamolekyulu
1. Molar refractive index: 135.63
2. Molar voliyumu (cm3 / mol): 347.8
3. Voliyumu yeniyeni ya isotonic (90.2k): 1103.4
4. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba (dyne / cm): 101.2
5.Polarizability (10-24cm3): 53.76 [2]
Werengani Chemical Data
1. Mtengo wolozera pakuwerengera kwa hydrophobic parameter (xlogp): - 0.5
2. Chiwerengero cha opereka ma hydrogen bond: 8
3. Chiwerengero cha ma hydrogen bond receptors: 14
4. Chiwerengero cha ma rotatable ma bond: 6
5. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 225
6. Chiwerengero cha maatomu olemera: 41
7. Malipiro apamwamba: 0
8. Kuvuta: 884
9. Chiwerengero cha maatomu a isotopic: 0
10. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa ma stereocenters a atomiki: 11
11. Chiwerengero cha ma stereocenters osatsimikizika a atomiki: 0
12. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa ma chemical bond stereocenters: 0
13. Chiwerengero cha ma indeterminate chemical bond stereocenters: 0
14. Number of covalent bond units: 1
Katundu Ndi Kukhazikika
Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusungidwa molingana ndi zofunikira, siziwola.
Njira Yosungira
Thumba la pulasitiki la chakudya limakutidwa ndi thumba la kraft la pepala losindikizidwa.Sungani pamalo ozizira ndi owuma.
Cholinga
Zipatso za mphesa zimakhala ndi naringin, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 1%.Zimapezeka makamaka mu peel, kapisozi ndi mbewu.Ndiwowawa kwambiri mu zipatso za manyumwa.Naringin ali ndi mtengo wapatali pazachuma ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zotsekemera zatsopano za dihydrochalcone, komanso mankhwala oletsa kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda amtima, ziwengo ndi kutupa.
1. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chodyera, makamaka cha shuga wa chingamu, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi zina.
2. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zotsekemera zatsopano za dihydronaringin chalcone ndi neohesperidin dihydrochalcone zotsekemera kwambiri, zopanda poizoni komanso mphamvu zochepa.
M'zigawo Njira
Naringin imasungunuka mosavuta mu mowa ndi alkali solution, komanso imatha kusungunuka m'madzi otentha.Malingana ndi khalidweli, naringin nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ndi njira ya alkali ndi njira ya madzi otentha.Njira yopangira ili motere: Pomelo Peel → kuphwanya → leaching ndi madzi a mandimu kapena madzi otentha → kusefa → kuziziritsa ndi mvula → kupatukana → kuyanika ndi kuphwanya → chomaliza.
Njira ya Madzi Otentha
Njira yochotsera madzi otentha ndi motere: pomelo peel ikaphwanyidwa, onjezerani madzi 3 ~ 4, kutentha ndi kuwira kwa 30min, ndikusindikiza kuti mupeze filtrate.Izi zitha kubwerezedwa 2 ~ 3 nthawi.Filtrate ikayikiridwa nthawi 3 ~ 5, ikadali (0 ~ 3 ℃) kuti igwetse ndi kukhetsa, kusefedwa ndikulekanitsidwa, ndipo mpweya wake ndi zinthu zopanda pake.Ikhoza kuyeretsedwa ndi mowa kapena madzi otentha.Njirayi imakhala ndi kuchira kochepa komanso nthawi yayitali yamvula.Posachedwapa, Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences yasintha njira, ndiye kuti, kuchotsako kumathandizidwa ndi yisiti kapena pectinase, yomwe imachepetsa nthawi yamvula ndikuwongolera zokolola ndi chiyero ndi pafupifupi 20% ~ 30%.Zotsalira za peel zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa pectin.
Njira ya Alkali
Njira ya alkali ndi yoviika zotsalira zachikopa m'madzi a mandimu (pH12) kwa 6 ~ 8h ndikukankhira kuti mupeze kusefa.Ikani zosefera mumphika wa sangweji, zisintheni ndi 1:1 hydrochloric acid mpaka pH 4.1 ~ 4.4, zitenthetseni mpaka 60 ~ 70 ℃, ndikuzitentha kwa 40 ~ 50min.Ndiye kuziziritsa kutentha pang'ono kuti precipitate naringin, sonkhanitsani precipitate, ikani madzi ndi centrifuge, ikani m'chipinda chowumitsa, ikani pa 70 ~ 80 ℃, phwanyani ndikugaya kukhala ufa wabwino, womwe ndi wosakanizidwa.Bwerezani crystallization ndi mowa wotentha kwa 2 ~ 3 nthawi kuti mupeze mankhwala abwino.
Njira Yowongoleredwa
Ndi njira pamwamba, shuga, pectin, mapuloteni, pigment ndi zigawo zina mu pomelo peel kulowa njira m'zigawo nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa otsika mankhwala chiyero ndi Mipikisano sitepe recrystallization kuyeretsedwa.Choncho, nthawi yochotsa ndi yaitali, ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta, ndipo zosungunulira, mphamvu ndi mtengo zikuwonjezeka.Pofuna kuchepetsa ndondomekoyi, kusintha chiyero cha mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, maphunziro ambiri apangidwa pa kuchira kwa naringin.Li Yan et al.(1997) adagwiritsa ntchito ultrafiltration kuti afotokoze chotsitsa cha naringin.Kuyera kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezedwa ndi crystallization zitha kuchulukitsidwa kuchokera ku 75% ya njira yachikhalidwe yamchere mpaka 95%.The zinthu ntchito ya ultrafiltration ndi motere: kuthamanga 0,15 ~ 0.25MPa, kuzungulira flux 180L / h, pH 9 ~ 10 ndi kutentha za 50 ℃.Japan Itoo (1988) adayeretsa bwino naringin ndi macroporous adsorption resin diaion HP-20.Wu houjiu et al.(1997) adanenanso kuti ma resins angapo apanyumba adsorption ali ndi ma adsorption abwino komanso owunikira a naringin, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa naringin.Mwachidule, wolemba amaika patsogolo ndondomeko zotsatirazi.Tchati choyenda chili motere: Pomelo Peel → kuphwanya → kuchotsa madzi otentha → kusefa → ultrafiltration → ultrafiltration permeate → resin adsorption → analytical solution → concentration → mphepo yozizira → kupatukana → zikwi kuyanika → kumaliza mankhwala.
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