Amakuru

Vuba aha, hasohotse urutonde rushya rw’urutonde rw’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi ku rwego rw’igihugu, hiyongeraho ubwoko 148 bushya, harimo imiti 47 y’iburengerazuba n’imiti 101 y’abashinwa.Umubare mushya wimiti yubushinwa yihariye irenze inshuro ebyiri imiti y’iburengerazuba.Umubare wimiti yihariye yubushinwa nubuvuzi bwiburengerazuba murutonde rwubwishingizi bwubuvuzi ni bumwe bwa mbere.Igihugu cyemeza imiti y’ipatanti y’Ubushinwa n’inkunga y’iterambere.Ariko icyarimwe, ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe bifite ingaruka mbi zo gukiza no guhohoterwa bigaragara birukanwe kurutonde.Byinshi muribi ni imiti yubushinwa.Kubwibyo, kugirango twirinde gukurwaho nisoko ryimiti, hagomba gutangizwa ivugurura ryubuvuzi bwubushinwa!

Iterambere ry'ubuvuzi bw'Ubushinwa

1. Politiki y'igihugu ni nziza ku bihe
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, politiki n’amabwiriza gakondo y’ubuvuzi bw’igihugu cyanjye mu Bushinwa byasohotse kenshi, kandi bikomeza kunozwa no kunozwa, bitanga igishushanyo mbonera cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru ndetse n’ubuyobozi bugamije iterambere rirambye ry’iterambere ry’igihe kirekire ry’inganda z’ubuvuzi gakondo z’igihugu cyanjye.
Uburyo bunoze bwo kwemeza ubuvuzi bwUbushinwa bwerekana ubushake bwigihugu cyanjye n'imbaraga zo gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa.Leta ikoresha ibikorwa kugira ngo yemeze sosiyete n’inganda ko ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa, ubutunzi bw’agaciro bw’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa, buzatera imbere kurushaho kugira ngo bugirire akamaro rubanda nyamwinshi.

2. Ubushakashatsi bugezweho buri hafi
Kuva mu 2017, intara zitandukanye zagiye zisohora amatangazo yo guhagarika cyangwa guhindura imiti itandukanye ifasha, intego nyamukuru ikaba ari iyo kugabanya amafaranga, no kwibanda ku kugenzura ibiyobyabwenge bifite ingaruka mbi zo kuvura, dosiye nini, cyangwa ibiciro bihenze.

Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, hashyizweho ubuvuzi bwa mbere bushingiye ku bimenyetso ku buvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa.Ikigo kizatanga ibimenyetso byerekana imikorere n’umutekano by’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa.Niba ubuvuzi rusange bushingiye ku bimenyetso hamwe n’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa bushobora guhurizwa hamwe mu bikorwa by’imanza, ntabwo bizamura cyane urwego rwo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara, ahubwo bizerekana igiciro cy’imiti y’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa kandi kiza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi sisitemu yubumenyi itanga ikibuga n'amahirwe.

Muri Nyakanga, Komisiyo y’ubuzima y’igihugu yasohoye “Itangazo ryo gucapa no gukwirakwiza icyiciro cya mbere cy’urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge by’ibanze (Ibiyobyabwenge n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku binyabuzima) kugira ngo bikurikirane neza imikoreshereze ikwiye”.Amatangazo niyo yica cyane gukoresha imiti yipatanti yubushinwa.Ubuvuzi bwiburengerazuba ntibushobora kwandika imiti yubushinwa.Ubuvuzi bwa patenti, iyi ntambwe ntabwo ari ukubuza ikoreshwa ry’imiti y’abashinwa, ahubwo ni ukugenzura imikoreshereze y’imiti y’abashinwa.

Mu bihe nk'ibi, niba imiti y’abashinwa yihariye ishobora kuzuza ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bimenyetso, guca inzitizi hagati y’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa n’ubuvuzi bw’iburengerazuba, kandi bugashyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’ubuvuzi n’ubwumvikane, birashobora gufasha ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa guca ibintu neza!

Mubihe bishya bya "Umuhanda umwe wumukandara umwe", mpuzamahanga mubuvuzi bwubushinwa bifite amahirwe menshi
Muri 2015, Madamu Tu Youyou yatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Physiology cyangwa Medicine kubera guhimba artemisinin, byongereye imbaraga imiti y’Ubushinwa mu mahanga.Nubwo ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubuvuzi bw’isi, mpuzamahanga ku buvuzi bw’Abashinwa buracyafite ibibazo byinshi nk’umuco n’ibipimo bya tekiniki.

Iya mbere ni ikibazo cyumuco wubuvuzi.Ubuvuzi bwa TCM bushimangira gutandukanya syndrome no kuvura, bivura indwara binyuze mu gusesengura no guhindura umubiri w'umuntu;mugihe ubuvuzi bwiburengerazuba bwibanda kubwoko bwindwara bworoshye nubuvuzi bwaho, bukabukuraho mugushakisha icyateye iyo ndwara.Iya kabiri ningorabahizi yubuhanga.Ubuvuzi bwiburengerazuba bwita kubumwe, ukuri namakuru.Kwinjira mu miti bishingiye ku bisabwa by’umutekano w’ibiyobyabwenge no gukora neza.Ibigo bishinzwe imiti y’iburengerazuba nabyo birasaba ibipimo byemewe by’imiti yo mu Bushinwa.Nyamara, imiti myinshi yubushinwa iri mugihugu cyanjye.Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere byagumye gusa ku cyiciro cyo kurebera hamwe, GLP na GCP bihuye ntabwo byashyizweho, kandi isuzumabushobozi ry’amavuriro rishyigikiwe namakuru ya siyansi yavuye mu bigeragezo by’amavuriro ntiyabuze.Byongeye kandi, irushanwa mpuzamahanga rigenda rirushaho gukaza umurego ryateje kandi ibibazo bikomeye mu nganda z’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa, kandi kurenga ingorane zinyuranye byatumye umuvuduko w’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa ugenda gahoro.

Muri 2015, igihugu cyanjye cyasohoye "Icyerekezo n’ibikorwa bigamije guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’umukandara w’ubukungu w’umuhanda w’ubukungu n’umuhanda wo mu kinyejana cya 21 wo mu nyanja".Politiki y'igihugu "Umuhanda umwe Umuhanda umwe" yatanzwe ku mugaragaro.Uyu ni "Umuhanda mushya wa Silk" wo kumenyekanisha inganda z’igihugu cyanjye kandi uteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye cyageze ku rwego rwo hejuru.igihugu cyanjye ubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa bugira uruhare rugaragara mukubaka "Umukandara n Umuhanda".Binyuze muri gahunda ya politiki ya “Going Global” y’umuco w’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa, iteza imbere umurage no guhanga udushya mu buvuzi bw’Ubushinwa, kandi byihutisha guhuza no guteza imbere imitekerereze y’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.Izi ngamba zitanga imbaraga zimbere n amahirwe mashya yo kumenyekanisha imiti yubuvuzi bwubushinwa.

Nk’uko imibare ya gasutamo y’Ubushinwa ibigaragaza, mu 2016, ibicuruzwa by’ubuvuzi gakondo by’igihugu cyanjye byoherejwe mu bihugu n’uturere 185, kandi inzego zibishinzwe z’ibihugu bikikije iyo nzira zasinyanye n’igihugu cyanjye amasezerano 86 y’ubufatanye mu buvuzi gakondo.Iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa gakondo by’imiti yo mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigenda byiyongera.Birashobora kugaragara ko mugihe gishya cya "Umuhanda umwe wumukandara umwe", mpuzamahanga mubuvuzi bwubushinwa buratanga ikizere!

1.Ubushakashatsi ku Kuvugurura Ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa
Intego yo kuvugurura ubuvuzi bwabashinwa nugukoresha byimazeyo uburyo nuburyo bwa siyansi nubuhanga bugezweho hashingiwe ku guteza imbere ibyiza biranga ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa, no kwigira ku mahame mpuzamahanga y’ubuvuzi n’amahame, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere Ibicuruzwa by’ubuvuzi by’Ubushinwa bishobora kwinjira mu buryo bwemewe n’isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ubuvuzi, no kuzamura isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa.Kurushanwa ku isoko.
Kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bwubushinwa nubuhanga bugoye.Ukurikije urwego rwinganda, rushobora kugabanywa hejuru (ubutaka / umutungo), hagati (uruganda / umusaruro) no kumanuka (ubushakashatsi / ivuriro).Kugeza ubu, kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa ntiburinganiza, byerekana ikibazo cy '"uburemere hagati n'umucyo ku mpande zombi".Ubushakashatsi bujyanye no kuvugurura imiti gakondo y’Abashinwa bufatanije n’ubuvuzi ni ihuriro ridakomeye mu gihe kirekire, ariko kandi ni ihuriro rikomeye mu buryo bwo kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa.Ibyingenzi byingenzi mubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa murwego rwo hasi rwinganda ni imiti yandikirwa, harimo ubushakashatsi ku bigize imiti y’imiti gakondo y’Ubushinwa, ni ukuvuga ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’imiti n’ubushakashatsi ku itegeko ry’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu gihe cyo gutunganya;ubushakashatsi ku buhanga gakondo bwo gutegura imiti yubushinwa, nko kunoza, kunoza no gushya kwikoranabuhanga gakondo.Iterambere ryimiterere ya dosiye, nibindi.;ubushakashatsi bwa farumasi yubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa, ni ukuvuga ubushakashatsi bwimiti gakondo nubuvuzi bwa kijyambere;isuzuma rifatika ryubuvuzi bwiza.

2.Gushakisha kubigize imiti gakondo yubuvuzi bwubushinwa
Kubera ko ibice bigize imiti bikubiye mu miti y’Abashinwa hamwe n’ibiyigize byose bigoye cyane, ibyo bita "ingirakamaro zikora" zavuzwe cyangwa zapimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho by’ubuziranenge bw’imiti myinshi y’Abashinwa kandi ibiyigize ni byo ahanini bigize imiti y’ibanze cyangwa byitwa ibipimo ngenderwaho, bidahagije.Ibimenyetso byerekana ko ari ingirakamaro.Gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gusesengura no gutahura hamwe nubuhanga bufashijwe na mudasobwa kugirango ukore ibizamini byinjira cyane (HTS) no kuranga (harimo imiti n’ibinyabuzima biranga) amakuru menshi yibigize mubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa hamwe n’ibisobanuro byayo, no gucukumbura ishingiro ry’ibintu imikorere yubuvuzi gakondo bwubushinwa nubushakashatsi bwo kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa.Intambwe y'ingenzi.Hamwe nogutezimbere gahoro gahoro HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS, hamwe na tekinoroji ya magnetiki ya kirimbuzi, ndetse no gukomeza kwinjiza ibitekerezo bitandukanye ndetse nuburyo butandukanye nka chemometrike, inyigisho zerekana imiterere, metabolomics, chimique chimique, nibindi. , Birashoboka kumenya icyarimwe gutandukanya kumurongo no gusesengura amatsinda menshi yibintu mubyitegererezo byubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa, kubona amakuru yujuje ubuziranenge / umubare, hamwe no gusobanura ishingiro ryibintu bifatika byimiti gakondo yubushinwa hamwe nubuvuzi bwimbitse.

3. Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere nuburyo bukoreshwa mubushinwa bwimbuto zibyatsi
Usibye ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru ku bice bigize uruganda, ubushakashatsi ku mikorere nuburyo bwikigo nabwo nibintu byingenzi byubushakashatsi.Imikorere yuru ruganda igenzurwa hifashishijwe ingirabuzimafatizo n’inyamanswa, binyuze muri metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, phenomics, na genomics.Kugirango dusobanure neza siyanse yubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa no gushyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwa siyanse yo gusobanura siyanse yubuvuzi gakondo bwubushinwa no kumenyekanisha ubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa.

4. Ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bw'ubuhinduzi bw'ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa
Mu kinyejana cya 21, ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi bw'ubuhinduzi ni inzira nshya mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi mpuzamahanga.Icyifuzo no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi bwubuhinduzi butanga umuyoboro "icyatsi" cyo guhuza ubuvuzi, shingiro n’ubuvuzi, kandi binatanga amahirwe mashya yo kuvugurura ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa."Ubwiza, ubuziranenge, imitungo, gukora neza, no gukoresha" ni ibintu by'ibanze by’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa, bigizwe hamwe hamwe n’ibinyabuzima byose by’ubuvuzi bw’Ubushinwa.Gukora ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku mavuriro akenewe ku bijyanye no guhuza "ubuziranenge-bwiza-bwo-gukora-neza-gukoresha-imiti" y’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa ninzira yingenzi yo kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa bwo kwegera ivuriro vuba bishoboka.Nibisabwa kandi byanze bikunze guhindura ubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi gakondo bwubushinwa mubikorwa byubuvuzi, kandi ni no kugaruka kubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi gakondo bwa kijyambere.Iyerekana ryingenzi ryuburyo bwambere bwo gutekereza bwubuvuzi bwubushinwa, bityo bukaba bufite akamaro gakomeye kandi gifatika.

Ubushakashatsi ku kuvugurura ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa ntabwo ari ikibazo cya siyansi gusa, ahubwo bufitanye isano n’iterambere rusange ry’inganda z’imiti mu gihugu cyanjye.Muri rusange muri politiki y’igihugu, ubushakashatsi ku kuvugurura imiti gakondo y’Abashinwa no ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni ngombwa.Birumvikana ko ntaho bitandukaniye niyi nzira.Imbaraga zihuriweho nabashakashatsi bose bambere bambere!

Urebye ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwo kuvura imiti gakondo y’ubuvuzi bw’Abashinwa, Ubuvuzi bwa Puluo bwavuze muri make ibitekerezo by’ubushakashatsi bushya kandi bushoboka:

Ubwa mbere, koresha icyitegererezo cyinyamanswa kugirango ugenzure neza, kandi umenye ingaruka nogupima ukoresheje ibipimo bifitanye isano n'indwara;icya kabiri, koresha ibice-intego-inzira yo guhanura ishingiye kuri farumasi y'urusobe, koresha metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, na phenotypes, ubushakashatsi bwa Genomics kugirango uhanure icyerekezo / uburyo bwo kugenzura ibice;hanyuma ukoreshe ingirabuzimafatizo ninyamanswa kugirango umenye kandi ugenzure icyerekezo cyamabwiriza ukoresheje kumenya ibintu bitera umuriro, guhangayikishwa na okiside, nibindi, hanyuma ukore intego yo kumenya intego ukoresheje ibimenyetso bya molekile yerekana ibimenyetso, ibintu bigenga, hamwe nibirimo gene hamwe no kugenzura;Hanyuma, koresha imikorere-yamazi yo hejuru, mass spectrometrie, nibindi kugirango usesengure ibigize, hanyuma ukoreshe moderi ya selile kugirango ugaragaze monomers nziza.