iNaringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside;Naringin;Isonaringenin CAS No. 10236-47-2
Intshayelelo emfutshane
Igama lesiNgesi:naringin
Ukusetyenziswa:inokusetyenziswa njengezongezo zokutya, ikakhulu kwiswekile yeentsini, iziselo ezipholileyo, njl.
Iimpawu zePhysicochemical:I-naringin yi-complex ye-glucose, i-rhamnose kunye ne-naringin.Ngumgubo wekristale omhlophe ukuya kumthubi.Ngokubanzi, iqulethe i-6 ~ 8 yamanzi ekristale enendawo yokunyibilika ye-83 ℃.Ukomisa kubunzima obungaguqukiyo kwi-110 ℃ ukufumana iikristale eziqulethe i-2 crystal yamanzi, enendawo yokunyibilika ye-171 ℃.I-Naringin inencasa ekrakra kakhulu, kwaye isisombululo samanzi esine-concentration ye-20mg / kg sisenokunambitheka okukrakra.Inyibilika kancinci emanzini, inyibilika ngokulula emanzini ashushu, i-ethanol, i-acetone kunye ne-acetic acid efudumeleyo yeglacial.Kukho amaqela e-phenolic hydroxyl kwisakhiwo, kwaye isisombululo saso samanzi sinobuthakathaka obunomuncu.Imveliso "i-citrus glucoside dihydrochalcone" emva kwe-hydrolysis kunye ne-hydrogenation i-sweetener, kwaye ubumnandi bungaphezu kwe-150 amaxesha e-sucrose.
Inkqubo yamanani
Inombolo yeCAS: 10236-47-2
Inombolo ye-MDL: mfcd00149445
I-EINECS No.: 233-566-4
Inombolo ye-RTECS: qn6340000
Inombolo ye-BRN: 102012
Idatha yePropati yoMqobo
1. Abalinganiswa: i-naringin iyinkimbinkimbi ye-glucose, i-rhamnose kunye ne-grapefruit gametophyte.Ngumgubo wekristale omhlophe ukuya kumthubi.
2. Indawo yokunyibilika (º C): 171
3. Isalathiso seRefractive: - 84
4. Ukujikeleza ngokuthe ngqo (º): - 91
5. Ukunyibilika: ukunyibilika kancinane emanzini, ukunyibilika ngokulula emanzini ashushu, i-ethanol, i-acetone kunye ne-acetic acid efudumeleyo yeglacial.
Idatha yeToxicology
1. Indlela yokuvavanya: umgodi wesisu
Umthamo wokuthatha: 2 mg / kg
Into yovavanyo: impuku yempuku
Uhlobo lwetyhefu: ebukhali
Iziphumo ezinobuthi: ityhefu eneenkcukacha kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azizange zixelwe ngaphandle kwamanye amaxabiso edosi ebulalayo
2. Indlela yokuvavanya: umgodi wesisu
Umthamo wokuthatha: 2 mg / kg
Into yovavanyo: ihagu yeempuku
Uhlobo lwetyhefu: ebukhali
Iziphumo ezinobuthi: ityhefu eneenkcukacha kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azizange zixelwe ngaphandle kwamanye amaxabiso edosi ebulalayo
Idatha ye-Ecological
Le nto inokuba yingozi kwindalo, ngoko ke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumzimba wamanzi.
Idatha yeSakhiwo seMolekyuli
1. Isalathisi se-Molar refractive: 135.63
2. Umthamo we-Molar (cm3 / mol): 347.8
3. Umthamo othile we-Isotonic (90.2k): 1103.4
4. Uxinzelelo lomphezulu (dyne / cm): 101.2
5.Polarizability (10-24cm3): 53.76 [2]
Bala iDatha yeMichiza
1. Ixabiso lereferensi yobalo lweparamitha ye-hydrophobic (xlogp): - 0.5
2. Inani labaxhasi be-hydrogen bond: 8
3. Inani le-hydrogen bond receptors: 14
4. Inani leebhondi zeekhemikhali ezijikelezayo: 6
5. I-Topological molecular surface polar surface (TPSA): 225
6. Inani leathom ezinzima: 41
7. Intlawulo yomphezulu: 0
8. Ukuntsonkotha: 884
9. Inani le-athomu ze-isotopic: 0
10. Qinisekisa inani le-atomic stereocenters: 11
11. Inani lezitshixo zeathom ezingaqinisekanga: 0
12. Qinisekisa inani leekhemikhali bond stereocenters: 0
13. Inani lee-stereocenters zekhemikhali ezingapheliyo: 0
14. Inani leeyunithi zebhondi ye-covalent: 1
Iipropati kunye nozinzo
Ukuba isetyenziswe kwaye igcinwe ngokweenkcukacha, ayiyi kubola.
Indlela yokugcina
Ibhegi yeplastiki yomgangatho wokutya yogqunywe ngengxowa yephepha yekraft ukuze itywinwe.Gcina kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo.
Injongo
Isiqhamo seGrapefruit sityebile kwinaringin, emalunga ne-1%.Ifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-peel, capsule kunye nembewu.Yeyona nto ikrakrayo kwisiqhamo se grapefruit.I-Naringin inexabiso eliphezulu lezoqoqosho kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-dihydrochalcone sweeteners entsha, kunye neziyobisi zokuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwesifo senhliziyo, ukungahambi kakuhle kunye nokuvutha.
1. Ingasetyenziselwa njengezongezo ezidliwayo, ngokukodwa kwi-sugar gum, iziphuzo ezipholileyo, njl.
2. Ingasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwenziwa kweeswiti ezintsha ze-dihydronaringin chalcone kunye neohesperidin dihydrochalcone ezinobumnandi obuphezulu, obungenabutyhefu kunye namandla aphantsi.
Indlela Yokukhupha
I-Naringin inyibilika ngokulula kutywala kunye nesisombululo sealkali, kwaye inokunyibilika nakumanzi ashushu.Ngokwale mpawu, i-naringin idla ngokutsalwa ngendlela yealkali kunye nendlela yamanzi ashushu.Inkqubo yemveliso imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-Pomelo Peel → ukutyumza → ukuvuza ngamanzi ekalika okanye amanzi ashushu → ukuhluza → ukupholisa kunye nemvula → ukwahlukana → ukomisa nokucudisa → imveliso egqityiweyo.
Indlela yamanzi ashushu
Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi ashushu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: emva kokuba i-pomelo peel ichithwe, yongeza i-3 ~ 4 amaxesha amanzi, ukushisa kunye nokubilisa i-30min, kwaye ucinezele ukufumana i-filtrate.Eli nyathelo linokuphinda-phinda 2 ~ 3 amaxesha.Emva kokuba ifiltrate igxininiswe kangange 3 ~ 5 amaxesha, ise (0 ~ 3 ℃) ukuna kwaye icwebezelise, ihluzwe kwaye yahlulwe, kwaye imvula yimveliso ekrwada.Inokucocwa ngotywala okanye ngamanzi ashushu.Le ndlela inexesha eliphantsi lokubuyisela kunye nexesha elide lemvula.Kutshanje, iCitrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences iye yaphucula indlela, oko kukuthi, isicatshulwa siphathwa ngegwele okanye i-pectinase, enciphisa ixesha lemvula kwaye iphucule isivuno kunye nobunyulu malunga ne-20% ~ 30%.Intsalela ye-peel eseleyo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-pectin.
Inkqubo yeAlkali
Indlela yealkali kukumanzisa intsalela yesikhumba emanzini ekalika (pH12) kangange 6 ~ 8h kwaye uyicinezele ukuze ufumane ukuhluza.Beka i-filtrate kwi-sandwich pot, i-neutralize nge-1: 1 i-hydrochloric acid ukuya kwi-pH 4.1 ~ 4.4, ishushu ibe yi-60 ~ 70 ℃, kwaye uyigcine ishushu i-40 ~ 50min.Emva koko upholile kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu ukuze ukhuphe i-naringin, qokelela imvula, womise amanzi nge-centrifuge, uyibeke kwigumbi lokumisa, uyomise kwi-70 ~ 80 ℃, uyityumze kwaye uyigaye ibe ngumgubo ococekileyo, oyimveliso ekrwada.Phinda icrystallization ngotywala obushushu kangangezihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ukuze ufumane imveliso enyulu.
Inkqubo ephuculweyo
Ngendlela engentla, iswekile, i-pectin, iprotheni, i-pigment kunye nezinye izinto kwi-pomelo peel zingena kwisisombululo sokukhupha ngexesha elifanayo, okubangelwa ukucoceka kwemveliso ephantsi kunye ne-multi-step recrystallization yokuhlanjululwa.Ngoko ke, ixesha lokukhutshwa lide, inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye i-solvent, amandla kunye neendleko zanda.Ukuze kube lula inkqubo, ukuphucula ukucoceka kweemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, izifundo ezininzi zenziwe kwinkqubo yokubuyisela i-naringin.ULi Yan et al.(1997) isebenzise i-ultrafiltration ukucacisa i-naringin extract.Ukucoceka kwemveliso efunyenwe yi-crystallization inokunyuswa ukusuka kwi-75% yendlela ye-alkali yendabuko ukuya kwi-95%.Iimeko zokusebenza ze-ultrafiltration zilandelayo: uxinzelelo lwe-0.15 ~ 0.25MPa, i-flux ejikelezayo 180L / h, i-pH 9 ~ 10 kunye nobushushu malunga ne-50 ℃.IJapan Itoo (1988) ihlanjululwe ngempumelelo i-naringin kunye ne-macroporous adsorption resin diaion HP-20.Wu houjiu et al.(I-1997) iphinde ichaze ukuba ii-resin ezininzi ze-adsorption zasekhaya zinee-adsorption ezilungileyo kunye neempawu zokuhlalutya ze-naringin, ezingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula kunye nokucocwa kwe-naringin.Isishwankathelo, umbhali ubeka phambili le nkqubo ilandelayo yokuphucula.Itshati yokuhamba ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-Pomelo Peel → ukutyumza → ukutsalwa kwamanzi ashushu → ukuhluzwa → ukuhluzwa kwe-ultrafiltration → i-ultrafiltration permeate → i-resin adsorption → isisombululo sohlalutyo → ukugxininiswa → imvula yokupholisa → ukwahlukana → iwaka lokumisa → imveliso egqityiweyo.
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